Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: Probiotic Mixture Golden Bifido Prevents Neonatal Escherichia coli K1 Translocation via Enhancing Intestinal Defense

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01798

Figure Lengend Snippet: Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Bifidobacterium , and Streptococcus thermophilus (LBS) alleviates mucin degradation during Escherichia coli K1 infection. HT-29 cells were pre-treated with or without LBS before E. coli K1 infection. Cells treated with PBS or LBS alone were served as controls. Cellular proteins were extracted for (A) periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) assay and (C) western blot analysis. (B) HT-29 monolayers were stained with PAS and observed under light microscope (100× magnification). (D) Immunofluorescence of MUC2 was obtained by fluorescence microscopy (200× magnification), green staining represents the MUC2, the cell nuclei were stained with Hoechst 33342 (blue). Results are represented as mean ± SD. ∗ P < 0.05, ∗∗∗ P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: The probiotics used in this study was obtained from Live Combined bifidobacterium and lactobacillus Tablets [Trade Name: Golden Bifid, Inner Mongolia Shuangqi Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 0.5 g/tablet, no less than 50 million live Bifidobacterium (ATCC 15697), five million live L. bulgaricus (ATCC 11842) and S. thermophilus (ATCC 19987)].

Techniques: Infection, PAS Assay, Western Blot, Staining, Light Microscopy, Immunofluorescence, Fluorescence, Microscopy

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: Probiotic Mixture Golden Bifido Prevents Neonatal Escherichia coli K1 Translocation via Enhancing Intestinal Defense

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01798

Figure Lengend Snippet: Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Bifidobacterium , and Streptococcus thermophilus inhibits adhesion and invasion of E. coli K1 to HT-29 cells. HT-29 cells were cultured in 24-well plate and pre-treated with various doses of LBS for 3 h before adding E. coli K1 or co-incubated with LBS plus E. coli K1. Adhesion and invasion assays were carried out as described in section “Materials and Methods.” The numbers of associated bacteria (A,C) and intracellular bacteria (B,D) were determined. Results are represented as mean ± SD. ∗ P < 0.05, ∗∗ P < 0.01.

Article Snippet: The probiotics used in this study was obtained from Live Combined bifidobacterium and lactobacillus Tablets [Trade Name: Golden Bifid, Inner Mongolia Shuangqi Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 0.5 g/tablet, no less than 50 million live Bifidobacterium (ATCC 15697), five million live L. bulgaricus (ATCC 11842) and S. thermophilus (ATCC 19987)].

Techniques: Cell Culture, Incubation, Bacteria

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: Probiotic Mixture Golden Bifido Prevents Neonatal Escherichia coli K1 Translocation via Enhancing Intestinal Defense

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01798

Figure Lengend Snippet: Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Bifidobacterium , and Streptococcus thermophilus prevents E. coli K1-induced disruption of intestinal integrity. HT-29 cells were cultured on the upper chamber of the Transwell insert and pre-treated with or without LBS before E. coli K1 infection. Cells treated with PBS or LBS alone were served as controls. After infection, HRP was added to the upper chamber of Transwell for 1 h. Bacteria and HRP translocated from the upper chamber to the lower chamber were quantified as described in section “Materials and Methods.” (A) The OD 450 value of HRP. (B) The number of E. coli K1 CFU, which penetrated across the HT-29 monolayer. Results are represented as mean ± SD. ∗ P < 0.05, ∗∗∗ P < 0.001. (C) HT-29 cells were treated as described in Figure , proteins of each group were isolated for western blotting. The expressions of ZO-1 and occludin was determined, β-Actin band was used as an indicator of protein loading.

Article Snippet: The probiotics used in this study was obtained from Live Combined bifidobacterium and lactobacillus Tablets [Trade Name: Golden Bifid, Inner Mongolia Shuangqi Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 0.5 g/tablet, no less than 50 million live Bifidobacterium (ATCC 15697), five million live L. bulgaricus (ATCC 11842) and S. thermophilus (ATCC 19987)].

Techniques: Disruption, Cell Culture, Infection, Bacteria, Isolation, Western Blot

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Carbohydrate Metabolism Is Essential for the Colonization of Streptococcus thermophilus in the Digestive Tract of Gnotobiotic Rats

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028789

Figure Lengend Snippet: Functional distribution of S. thermophilus LMD-9 proteins whose abundance changed between the milk inoculum used for gavage and the faeces of Ino-LMD9 +lac rats (2-DE analysis).

Article Snippet: The strains S. thermophilus LMD-9 (ATCC BAA-491, USA), and LMG18311 (BCCM collection, Belgium) were used.

Techniques: Functional Assay

Journal: Microorganisms

Article Title: Enterococcus spp.: Is It a Bad Choice for a Good Use—A Conundrum to Solve?

doi: 10.3390/microorganisms9112222

Figure Lengend Snippet: Examples of enterococcal probiotic formulas used in nutrition of livestock (adapted from [ 14 ]).

Article Snippet: Protexin (Protexin Probiotics International Ltd.) , Lactobacillus : Lactobacillus acidophilus , Lactobacillus delbruecki subsp. Bulgaricus , Lactiplantibacillus plantarum , Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus ; Bifidobacterium bifidum ; Streptococcus salivarius subsp. Thermophilus ; Enterococcus faecium ; Aspergillus oryzae ; Candida pintolepesii.

Techniques: